GRAMMAR 16: Irregular verbs

When you write in English you need to know there are some verbs whose form is different in the past.

The regular verbs form the past with "-ed". For example: listen - listened

But irregular verbs change its form and you need to learn them!

GRAMMAR 15: Future simple

Simple Future has 2 differents forms in English: "Will" and "Be going to".

USES:

WILL--> -To express a voluntary action: I will send you the information whrn I get it

-To express a promise: I promise I will not tell him about the surprise party.

Form:
Affirmative S+will+V
Negative S + will not (won't)+V
Interrogative Will+S+V?


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BE GOING TO-->To express a plan:He is going to spend his vacation in Hawaii

Form:
Affirmative S+ verb TO BE + going to + verb
Negative S+Verb to BE +not+going to+verb
Interrogative Verb TO BE+ S+ going to+ verb?

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* "Will" or "Be going to" can express a Prediction!

Eg: The year 2222 will be a very interesting year.
The year 2222 is going to be a very interesting year.

Now! Verb tense exercise:

1. A: I've got a terrible headache.
B: Do you? Wait here and I__________________(get) you some aspirin.

2. A: Where are you going? Are you going shopping?
B: Yes, I_______________________(wash) the car.

3.A: I can't figure out how to use this camera.
B: It's easy. I_________________(show) you.

GRAMMAR 14: Past Simple

Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
The verb in the Past Simple form can be REGULAR or IRREGULAR.
- Regular verbs:

Example:
- Affirmative form: Maria played with her friends-> La Maria jugava amb les seves amigues.
- Negative form: They didn't play football-> Ells no jugaven a futbol.
- Question form: Did you play the guitar?-> Toques la guitarra?

In Past Simple verbs ending:
- In "-e" add "-d" (For example like->liked).
- Consonant and "-y" change "-y -> -i" and "-ed" (For example study-> studied).
- Vowel and consonant, double the consonant and add "-ed" (For example stop-> stopped).
- "-y" and "-w" at the end of a word are not consonant sounds. So verbs ending in "-y" or "-w" do not double the consonant (For example play-> played).

- Irregular verbs:
The past forms of the irregular forms don't end in "-ed". They have different forms and we need to learn then gradually.
Example: begin->began; get->got; come->came; have->had; go->went...

Exercise:
Put correct the verb in Past Simple.
1. I................(live) in Canada for two years.
2. Laura..................(sttudy) Japanese in school.
3. They...................(not stay) at the party the entire time.
4. We...................(talk) on the phone for three hours.
5. ............ you...............(play) a musical instrument when you were a kid?
6. He.....................(not like) patatoes before.
7. I.................(come) home early yesterday.
8. We................(go) to the movies last weekend.

GRAMMAR 13: Present Simple

Use the Present Simple to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual.

Example:
- Affirmative form: We work very good ->Treballem molt bé
- Negative form: We do not very good -> No treballem molt bé
- Question form: Do we work very good? -> Treballem molt bé?

In present simple, affirmative forms, the 3ª person of singular has "-s" when:
- The verb finish with consonant (For example warm -> warms).
- When the verb finish with "-s", "-ch", "-sh", "-x", "-o" it has "-es" (For example watch -> watches)
- When the verb finish with "-y" it has "ies" (For example fly ->flies)

Exercise:
Complete the sentences with the Present Simple:
1. I (travel)............to London every week.
2. You (be).............a good student.
3. My father (clean).............the house.
4. The car (not be)...............in the garage.
5. We (not live)................in Paris.
6. They (be)..............my best friends.
7. ...........she (play)..............with his brother?
8. Mike (not do)..............the homework.

GRAMMAR 12: Verb "to have"

This verb is one of the most common verbs. This verb means a possession.

Affirmative:
I / You/ We / They -> Have
She/ He / It -> Has

In past we use had and in a continous tense we use having.

Example:
I have two cars.
She has three dogs.

Negative:
We use not for do the negative verb. Also we can use haven't.

Example:
She has not a notebook. / She hasn't a notebook.
They have not holidays. / They haven't holidays.

Now complete this exercise:

1. I _____ a cold.
2. She ____ lot of students when she was teacher.
3. He _____ a lot of money.
4. Thomas _____ two children.
5. She _____ examns. (not)
6. My grandfather _____ many problems in his childhood.
7. My father _____ two sons.
8. _____ you got a pencil?
9. The house ______ windows. (not)

GRAMMAR 11: Verb "to be" in past

I hope that you have studied the verb to be in present. We are going to learn it now in past.

When you use the verb to be in past? You use it when you want to express something in the past. You have to look all the sentence to know if you have to use the verb to be in past or no past

Past

I was
You were
She was
He was
It was
You were
They were

Example:
She was happy -> ella estava feliç
You were in danger -> estaves en perill

It's your time! Try to complete this exercise.

1. My brother _____ fat when he lived in New York.
2. The house ______ open the last weekend.
3. You _____ always crying in your childhood.
4. Mum, ____ John in the cinema yesterday?
5. Oh, my god! You are like your father when he ______ small.

GRAMMAR 10: Verb "to be"

With this verb you can express your feelings and how you are.

I am
You are
She is
He is
It is
You are
They are

Example:

I am hot -> tinc calor.
She is happy -> ella està contenta

Now it's your turn! Complete this exercise:

1. She ______ in the room.
2. You _____ out of control.
3. It ______ my dog.
4. They ______ sad.
5. The house _____ blue.
6. My mother _____ very impulsive.

GRAMMAR 9: Sentences

Order this sentences:

1. am, I, Max
......................................................................................................

2. is, blue, She, wearing, trousers
.......................................................................................................

3. seven, old, years, have, I
.......................................................................................................

4. You, newspaper, have, a, interesting
......................................................................................................

5. watched, We, new, this, film
.....................................................................................................

6. study, You, to, have, the, exam, for
.....................................................................................................

7. buy, tree, five, They, apples, and, bananas
.....................................................................................................

8. It, funny, isn't
....................................................................................................

9. became, in, famous, He, 1991
....................................................................................................

10. and, Paul, Marianne, are, friends
......................................................................................................

GRAMMAR 8: Adverbs of frequency

We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do things. Adverbs of frequency go before all verbs EXCEPT the verb to be.


less--> more

Never – hardly ever – rarely (seldom) – sometimes – usually (often)- always

Note 1: Remember that with never and hardly ever we use POSITIVE sentences.

Example:
- We don’t never smoke. (INCORRECT)
- We never smoke.

Note 2: With don’t and doesn’t we use the adverb of frequency after these and before the verb.
Example:
- We don’t usually travel.

Note 3: Sometimes can go at the beginning of the sentence.
The adverbs of frequency answer the typical question starting with “How often”.

Examples:
1) How often do you brush your teeth?
I always brush my teeth

2) How often does your mother cook?
She seldom/rarely cooks.

3) How often is Claudio late for class.
He is never late for class

EXERCISE!

Complete the sentences with an adverb of frequency

1) They _________ drive. They don´t have a car.
2) I _______ eat turkey. (Only at Christmas)
3) She doesn’t have a watch so she’s _________ late.
4) We __________ get up at 8:00, except Saturdays and Sundays.
5) I ________ play tennis (when I have time)

GRAMMAR 7: Have and go

Write four sentences
What does Fred do on Saturdays?

	To town	At nine o'clock
Go	To bed	At half past eleven
Has	A bath	At half past ten
	Dinner	At eight o'clock

He..................................................................................
He..................................................................................
He..................................................................................
He..................................................................................

GRAMMAR 6: There is -There are

RULES:
1. Use there IS for singular nouns (one item).
2. Use there IS for non-count items(group nouns).
3. Use there ARE for many items (plural nouns).


There is a spider on the wall.
There is milk on the floor.
There are pencils on my desk.

Exercise:

1. There is / are many animals in the zoo.
2. There is / are a snake in the window.
3. There is / are a zebra in the grass.
4. There is / are lions in the zoo, too.
5. There is / are many baby lions near their parents.
6. There is / are a bird next to the tree.
7. There is / are many monkeys in the trees.
8. There is / are an elephant in the zoo.
9. There is / are some water in the lake near the elephants.
10. There is / are birds in the zoo.

GRAMMAR 5: Have got and haven't got

We use have got when we want to express possession: I have got a doll (tinc una nina).

Haven't got is the opossition: I haven't got a ball (no tinc una pilota).


Circle the correct answer:

1. a) The bear has got a flower
b) The bear hasn't got a flower
c) The bear has got a picture




2. a) He has got a had
b) He hasn't got a had
c) She has got a had





3. a) Tom have got a mobile phone
b) Tom hasn't got a computer
c) Tom has got a computer




4. a) She hasn't got an orange dress
b) She have got a white dress
c) She has got an orange dress





5. a) They has got a ball
b) They have got a ball
c) They haven't got a ball

GRAMMAR 4: Where

Where is a question word. It is on in catalan.
Where are you? On ets?

Read and complete:

1. Marta and John are wathing "Dear John".
Where are they?
They are ......................................................

2. Carla is eating pizza.
Where ...................?
She is in a restaurant

3. My parents are buying things.
Where are they?
They are ......................................................

4. Nelson is playing basketball.
Where ....................?
He is in Sant Jordi's club.

5. I'm studying.
Where am I?
I am .............................................................

GRAMMAR 3: Adjectives and possessive pronouns

The possessive adjective in English has the following forms:

My
Your
His/her/its
Our
Your
Their

The form "its" is used when the possessor is an object or an animal, but sometimes when you feel special affection for the animal uses the masculine form "his" or feminine "her".

This is its necklace *This is your collar
This is his necklace *This is your collar (dog)
This is her necklace *This is your collar (the dog)

The possessive adjective varies depending on the holder (1st, 2nd or 3rd person singular or plural), but unlike Castilian, does not agree in number with the object possessed:

This is my son
This is my daughter
They are my brothers
They are my sisters

The possessive pronoun replaces the noun and adjective accompanying possessive when this noun has already been mentioned above, or when the context is well defined:

Mine
Yours
His/hers
Ours
Yours
Theirs

GRAMMAR 2: Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns accompany the verb when there is no subject! It's very important to know them!

I.......Jo

You............Tu

He......................Ell

She................................Ella

It..............................................Allò

We.......................................................Nosaltres

You...............................................................Vosaltres

They.........................................................................Ells/elles

GRAMMAR 1: My name and my age

Read the example:
I am Maria and I have 8 years old
We use that when we want to say our name and our ages


How do you spell your name?
Do you know the alphabet?

A (éi) B (bi) C (si) D (di) E (i) F (ef) G (gi) H (eich) I (ai) J (jei) K (kei) L (el) M (em)

N (en) O (ou) P (pi) Q (kiu) R (ar) S (es) T (ti) U (yu) V (vi) W (dobliu) X (ecs) Y (uái) Z (sed)

Now, if you know the alphabet, you can spelling your name.
So, Marina is: em, éi, ar, ai, en, éi